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Gone are the days when studying meant traveling long distance to attend classroom lectures or spending a huge amount of money. Now with the advent of technology, you can pursue your education while distance learning mode. One of the most popular institutes offering top distance learning courses in India is Institute of Management Technology- Centre for Distance Learning (IMT-CDL).
Recognized by Distance Education Council, Government of India, IMT-CDL enjoys top ranking of distance learning programmes in India. The institute is considered as the best Indian institute that offers MBA in distance learning mode. This honour was bestowed by Zee Business after considering several parameters such as course content, quality of course material, course delivery mode to faculty, industry acceptability, examination system, research and consultancy and personal contact programme.
Most of the courses offered at IMT-CDL are very popular among students across the country.
Some of these top distance learning courses in India offered by IMT-CDL are- post graduate diploma in management, MS in Cyber Law and Security, PG Diploma in Taxation, PhD programmes, PG Diploma in Business Management, Financial Management and Material & Supply Chain Management.The curriculum is constantly updated to be in touch with the dynamic global and Indian environment. Learning is further enhanced by information technology that connects students to resources and data around the globe. The approach to management education is founded on continuous innovation, development of practical knowledge and a relentless commitment to academic excellence.
Boasting of top ranking of its distance learning programmes, IMT - CDL has made distance education a vibrant and rewarding experience. Fully alive to the emerging challenge, IMT-CDL has been in the forefront establishing a lead through preparing managers of tomorrow with distinct vision blended with technology and skills. The institute strives to create leaders in management and entrepreneurship by helping its students acquire the necessary skills.
Faculty at IMT-CDL is deeply committed to inculcating professional values and a relentless quest for excellence in student managers. The faculty consists of highly qualified and professionally aware individuals who are in constant touch with the changing global environment. Dr. AM Sherry, director of IMT-CDL, is a highly respected name in the education industry. It is because of his constant efforts and initiatives that IMT-CDL is considered as number one institute offering top distance learning courses in India.
Education is the acquisition of the art of utilization of knowledge. Knowledge in the management field, like other disciplines, is expanding very fast.
Education is central to the human resources development and empowerment in any country, and the quality of education is judged by the kind of humans it produces. Education is the means whereby adults pass on their beliefs and values to their children.
The growing internationalization of higher education, especially professional courses and institutions, increasing international co-operation and the emergence of new, transnational education providers are posing a challenge to national higher education systems. The new knowledge-based society demands managers who are flexible and versatile. They need to learn continuously and upgrade their skills as the technology advances. Innovative forms of transnational education based on internet have been opened to students around the world. This has made distance education more vibrant and a rewarding experience.
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In this undated photo provided by the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, a previously paralyzed rat in a special harness walks voluntarily after several weeks of rehabilitation in a laboratory in Switzerland. In the new experiment reported in the Friday, June 1, 2012 issue of the journal Science, researchers led by Gregoire Courtine, of the University of Zurich and the technical university EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland, stimulated spinal nerve circuits and used physical training. The stimulation was electrical current from implanted electrodes plus injections of a chemical mix, helping the rodents overcome paralysis to walk and climb stairs. (AP Photo/Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne)
In this undated photo provided by the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, a previously paralyzed rat in a special harness walks voluntarily after several weeks of rehabilitation in a laboratory in Switzerland. In the new experiment reported in the Friday, June 1, 2012 issue of the journal Science, researchers led by Gregoire Courtine, of the University of Zurich and the technical university EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland, stimulated spinal nerve circuits and used physical training. The stimulation was electrical current from implanted electrodes plus injections of a chemical mix, helping the rodents overcome paralysis to walk and climb stairs. (AP Photo/Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne)
In this undated photo provided by the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, a researcher watches a previously paralyzed rat in a special harness walk voluntarily after several weeks of rehabilitation in a laboratory in Switzerland. In the new experiment reported in the Friday, June 1, 2012 issue of the journal Science, researchers led by Gregoire Courtine, of the University of Zurich and the technical university EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland, stimulated spinal nerve circuits and used physical training. The stimulation was electrical current from implanted electrodes plus injections of a chemical mix, helping the rodents overcome paralysis to walk and climb stairs. (AP Photo/Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne)
In this undated photo provided by the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, a previously paralyzed rat in a special harness walks voluntarily after several weeks of rehabilitation in a laboratory in Switzerland. In the new experiment reported in the Friday, June 1, 2012 issue of the journal Science, researchers led by Gregoire Courtine, of the University of Zurich and the technical university EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland, stimulated spinal nerve circuits and used physical training. The stimulation was electrical current from implanted electrodes plus injections of a chemical mix, helping the rodents overcome paralysis to walk and climb stairs. (AP Photo/Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne)
FILE - This 2010 photo provided by Rob Summers shows Summers, center, receiving intensive physical therapy in Louisville, Ky. Summers was paralyzed below the neck in a 2006 car accident and in 2009, doctors decided to implant an electrical stimulator onto his spinal cord to try waking up his damaged nervous system. Summers is now able to stand and move during therapy sessions with the stimulator turned on. Using a similar approach, researchers in Switzerland have had success with rats in special harnesses injected with special chemicals overcoming paralysis to walk and climb stairs. The results are reported in the Friday, June 1, 2012 issue of the journal Science by a team led by Gregoire Courtine. (AP Photo/Courtesy of Rob Summers)
NEW YORK (AP) ? Many scientists are working on treatments to help people with spinal cord injuries walk. Now there's a striking new demonstration of how one approach might work: Spinal nerve stimulation helped rats in a Swiss lab overcome paralysis to walk and climb stairs.
That may sound impressive, but similar progress has been made in people, too. The difference this time is the particular technique used.
"It's a natural extension of exciting work that's been done by many groups," said Dr. John McDonald, director of the International Center for Spinal Cord Injury at Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore. He wasn't involved in the research.
In the new experiment, reported in Friday's issue of the journal Science, researchers stimulated spinal nerve circuits and used physical training. The stimulation was electrical current from implanted electrodes plus injections of a chemical mix.
To do the training, the rats were placed in a harness so that only their hind legs reached the ground. Then they were placed on a treadmill, which produced only reflexive stepping, and on stationary ground, where they had to choose to make their legs move if they wanted to reach a piece of chocolate.
They took their first voluntary steps about two to three weeks after the training began, the researchers said. The rats still needed the harness later to keep their balance.
The treatment produced an extensive rewiring in the brain and spinal cord, and the lead researcher said that more than 100 rats have regained walking ability to varying degrees.
"This kind of approach will not cure spinal cord injury" but it might someday help some patients recover more ability to move around, said lead researcher Gregoire Courtine. Only human studies will show how much the technique might help, said Courtine, of the University of Zurich and the technical university EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Last year, other researchers reported that a paralyzed Oregon man was able to stand and move his legs with a surgically implanted electrical stimulator.
McDonald, of the Krieger Institute, said the new paper would spur great interest among spinal cord researchers, in part because the techniques it used could be readily applied to people. The electrical stimulation could be given through the skin rather than from implanted electrodes, he said.
But he and W. Dalton Dietrich, scientific director of the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis at the University of Miami, noted that the rats had been given a spinal injury that differs from what is normally seen in people. So more studies are needed involving injuries more typical of human patients, McDonald said.
___
Online:
Researcher video: http://youtu.be/ejwEqpV8ak4
Journal Science: http://www.science.com
___
Malcolm Ritter can be followed at http://www.twitter.com/malcolmritter
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Smoking cigarettes could be significantly unfavorable to numerous elements of your life. In addition to discoloration your teeth and providing your apparel a putrid smell, it could alter your physical appearance. The greater number of considerable disadvantages, nevertheless, are the type in your health. By preventing, you can undo all of the harm that cigarette smoking has been doing. This post provides a number of efficient techniques to assist in your time and effort to avoid smoking cigarettes.
You will find threats with utilizing treatments such as scopolamine or atropine that will help you quit smoking. They are going to reduce smoking drawback signs or symptoms, however they also can have deleterious outcomes on the nervous system. These side effects could consist of vertigo, difficulty peeing, bowel problems, and blurred perspective. It will not intelligent to eradicate one dilemma simply to get a lot of other concerns.
It is possible to treat yourself in several methods by joining a health and fitness center. You may use time expended cigarette smoking for training and get your wellbeing back buy. Exercise will likely assist you to ease anxiety. If you are currently not in the best of condition, get started with brief walks or perhaps an effortless regimen and build up from there. Before starting any fitness program, you need to initially talk to your medical professional.
Take into account what obstacles you?ll encounter when you give up smoking, so as to expect to combat them one at a time. Most people who lapse back in smoking cigarettes, get back to the habit in only a few months of starting up attempting to cease. It can be extremely luring to provide to the desire to get a cigarette when you are anxious or worn out. Keep in mind items that bring about anyone to smoke.
It is actually a chance to quit smoking. Don?t established a particular date down the road that hinges on something else, begin right now and make the program and backups that you have to become successful. When you stop this second, you lessen your likelihood of disease. Additionally, you will assistance to keep your family?s protection by reducing the second hand smoke cigarettes that is located in your home. This will make it more essential that you give up today.
Figure out some activities you could do to distract you against yearnings and after that keep your checklist useful. At times a craving is really so solid that one could not believe plainly, and may have problems choosing a fruitful exercise. For this reason you want your collection nearby to ensure you do not have to accomplish a lot of pondering. Consider including bubble bathing, lengthy strolls, or perhaps your favored pastimes as part of your option pursuits.
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Generally say, ?No!? to even a single puff. It is actually easy to tell on your own when you?re definitely craving that you far more won?t hurt, but it turns into another day or two or perhaps years of smoking, which erases your entire effort. Explain to your self the hazards that getting that you puff is capable of doing. This can stop you with your monitors and make it possible to fight off of the craving.
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Hundreds of Baltimore-area families have volunteered for a government study to spray their suburban yards with pesticide, which researchers hope can protect them from Lyme disease but that environmentalists warn is unsafe.
The goal, federal and state health officials say, is to find a new way to prevent the widespread illness, which is spread by tick bites and can cause fever, headaches and fatigue ? and, if untreated, may even affect joints, nerves and the heart.
Half of the 185 families who?ve signed up this year in Baltimore, Carroll, Harford and Howard counties are having the edges of their yards sprayed with bifenthrin, a chemical pesticide commonly applied around homes to fight ticks, fleas and mosquitoes. The others, without knowing it, are getting their property sprayed with water so officials can judge the effectiveness of the treatment.
?The question is, does it actually prevent a common, sometimes severe disease ? and second, what?s the lowest dose you can do?? said Dr. Clifford S. Mitchell, assistant director for environmental health and food protection in the state Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.
Environmental activists, though, contend that the study itself is putting the families at risk. Adults and children alike are being exposed to a pesticide that is classified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a possible carcinogen, critics say, and that is being studied by the EPA for possible harm to reproductive and immune systems, among other things.
?It?s improper to be conducting a human experiment like this,? said Jay Feldman, executive director of Beyond Pesticides, a national group based in Washington. He and other activists contend federal and state health officials have not adequately informed volunteers about all the potential health risks.
The study, now in its second year, was underwritten by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The pesticide also is being tested on yards in Connecticut and New York. Last year, 440 other Maryland families participated.
Lyme disease, so named because it was first reported in Lyme, Conn., is a bacterial illness transmitted when people are bitten by blacklegged ticks, more commonly known as deer ticks. It has become a major health concern in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, where a burgeoning population of deer have helped spread the disease beyond forests into suburbia.
There were 30,000 cases reported in 2010, according to the CDC, with the vast majority in those two regions. Maryland had 1,600 cases that year, well below the peak of more than 2,500 cases reported in 2007. But health officials believe that doctors often miss or don?t report cases, and the actual number could be 10 times higher.
Many people living in the most affected states already have resorted to spraying their yards with pesticides to get rid of ticks, said Katherine Feldman, the state public health veterinarian. A survey in Connecticut found that 29 percent of homeowners contacted already pay a pest-control company to treat their properties, she said.
Health officials said it appears that a significant number of people do get bitten by infected ticks around their homes, not just when they go hiking through tall grass or a forest.
There?s also evidence, they say, that the number of ticks in a yard can be reduced significantly by applying bifenthrin, a synthetic chemical similar to the natural insecticides produced by flowers like chrysanthemums.
?We know that pesticides are extraordinarily effective against ticks,? Mitchell said. ?We don?t know if they result in a decrease in human disease.?
Feldman, the state health veterinarian, said volunteers were recruited for the study by mailing fliers to residents in ZIP codes that have had a high incidence of Lyme disease.
The fliers sought single-family households with at least two people who were willing to have a ?single, no-cost, commonly used pesticide application? to their yard and answer ?short surveys? about ticks and their yards. For their trouble last year, they were offered $40 gift cards to a local grocery store, paid for by the CDC, according to the state veterinarian. The reward for this year?s recruits has been scaled back to $25 gift cards.
Veronika Carella, who lives in western Howard County, was among those invited to participate last year. She said she was appalled because her two children, now in college, have been registered for years on the state?s list of chemically sensitive people. Though their 3.5-acre yard has woods and five resident deer ? and her elderly mother contracted Lyme disease, most likely elsewhere ? Carella said she believes the disease can be prevented without resorting to pesticide use.
Carella and others contend that prospective volunteers weren?t informed clearly enough about the potential long-term health risks from being exposed to the pesticide.
?When you get a prescription, you?re told all the things that can happen to you, including perhaps dying,? said Ruth Berlin, executive director of the Maryland Pesticide Network, a coalition opposed to pesticide use. She said the basic message given to prospective volunteers was that the pesticide is safe, which she disputes.
An EPA analysis of bifenthrin notes that there were nearly 1,300 incidents involving the pesticide from 2002 to 2009, and that while most were of ?low severity,? it appeared that even low amounts of the chemical can cause skin and respiratory irritation and dizziness.
Article source: http://www.baltimoresun.com/health/bs-gr-lyme-pesticide-study-20120528,0,3889741.story
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Public release date: 24-May-2012
Share ] Contact: Arthur Hebard
afh@ufl.edu
352-222-6212
University of Florida
GAINESVILLE, Fla. Doping may be a no-no for athletes, but researchers in the University of Florida's physics department say it was key in getting unprecedented power conversion efficiency from a new graphene solar cell created in their lab.
Graphene solar cells are one of industry's great hopes for cheaper, durable solar power cells in the future. But previous attempts to use graphene, a single-atom-thick honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms, in solar cells have only managed power conversion efficiencies ranging up to 2.9 percent. The UF team was able to achieve a record breaking 8.6 percent efficiency with their device by chemically treating, or doping, the graphene with trifluoromethanesulfonyl-amide, or TFSA. Their results are published in the current online edition of Nano Letters.
"The dopant makes the graphene film more conductive and increases the electric field potential inside the cell," said Xiaochang Miao, a graduate student in the physics department. That makes it more efficient at converting sunlight into electricity. And unlike other dopants that have been tried in the past, TFSA is stable its effects are long lasting.
The solar cell that Miao and her co-workers created in the lab looks like a 5-mm-square window framed in gold. The window, a wafer of silicon coated with a monolayer of graphene, is where the magic happens.
Graphene and silicon, when they come together, form what is called a Schottky junction a one-way street for electrons that when illuminated with light, acts as the power conversion zone for an entire class of solar cells. Schottky junctions are commonly formed by layering a metal on top of a semiconductor. But researchers at the UF Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technologies discovered in 2011 that graphene, a semi-metal, made a suitable substitute for metal in creating the junction.
"Graphene, unlike conventional metals, is transparent and flexible, so it has great potential to be an important component in the kind of solar cells we hope to see incorporated into building exteriors and other materials in the future," said Arthur Hebard, distinguished professor of physics at UF and co-author on the paper. "Showing that its power-converting capabilities can be enhanced by such a simple, inexpensive treatment bodes well for its future."
The researchers said that if graphene solar cells reach 10 percent power conversion efficiency they could be a contender in the market place, if production costs are kept low enough.
The prototype solar cell created in the UF lab was built on a rigid base of silicon, which is not considered an economical material for mass production. But Hebard said that he sees real possibilities for combining the use of doped graphene with less expensive, more flexible substrates like the polymer sheets currently under development in research laboratories around the world.
###
Credits
Writer
Donna Hesterman , donna.hesterman@ufl.edu, 352-846-2573
Source
Arthur Hebard, afh@ufl.edu, 352-222-6212
Source
Xiaochang Miao, xxmiaophy@gmail.com, 352-871-4116
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 24-May-2012 Share ] Contact: Arthur Hebard
afh@ufl.edu
352-222-6212
University of Florida
GAINESVILLE, Fla. Doping may be a no-no for athletes, but researchers in the University of Florida's physics department say it was key in getting unprecedented power conversion efficiency from a new graphene solar cell created in their lab.
Graphene solar cells are one of industry's great hopes for cheaper, durable solar power cells in the future. But previous attempts to use graphene, a single-atom-thick honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms, in solar cells have only managed power conversion efficiencies ranging up to 2.9 percent. The UF team was able to achieve a record breaking 8.6 percent efficiency with their device by chemically treating, or doping, the graphene with trifluoromethanesulfonyl-amide, or TFSA. Their results are published in the current online edition of Nano Letters.
"The dopant makes the graphene film more conductive and increases the electric field potential inside the cell," said Xiaochang Miao, a graduate student in the physics department. That makes it more efficient at converting sunlight into electricity. And unlike other dopants that have been tried in the past, TFSA is stable its effects are long lasting.
The solar cell that Miao and her co-workers created in the lab looks like a 5-mm-square window framed in gold. The window, a wafer of silicon coated with a monolayer of graphene, is where the magic happens.
Graphene and silicon, when they come together, form what is called a Schottky junction a one-way street for electrons that when illuminated with light, acts as the power conversion zone for an entire class of solar cells. Schottky junctions are commonly formed by layering a metal on top of a semiconductor. But researchers at the UF Nanoscience Institute for Medical and Engineering Technologies discovered in 2011 that graphene, a semi-metal, made a suitable substitute for metal in creating the junction.
"Graphene, unlike conventional metals, is transparent and flexible, so it has great potential to be an important component in the kind of solar cells we hope to see incorporated into building exteriors and other materials in the future," said Arthur Hebard, distinguished professor of physics at UF and co-author on the paper. "Showing that its power-converting capabilities can be enhanced by such a simple, inexpensive treatment bodes well for its future."
The researchers said that if graphene solar cells reach 10 percent power conversion efficiency they could be a contender in the market place, if production costs are kept low enough.
The prototype solar cell created in the UF lab was built on a rigid base of silicon, which is not considered an economical material for mass production. But Hebard said that he sees real possibilities for combining the use of doped graphene with less expensive, more flexible substrates like the polymer sheets currently under development in research laboratories around the world.
###
Credits
Writer
Donna Hesterman , donna.hesterman@ufl.edu, 352-846-2573
Source
Arthur Hebard, afh@ufl.edu, 352-222-6212
Source
Xiaochang Miao, xxmiaophy@gmail.com, 352-871-4116
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
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Public release date: 28-May-2012 Share ] Contact: Tim Parsons
tmparson@jhsph.edu
410-955-7619
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health have found evidence of a role for neighborhood immunity in determining risk of dengue infection. While it is established that immunity can be an important factor in the large-scale distribution of disease, this study demonstrates that local variation at spatial scales of just a few hundred meters can significantly alter the risk of infection, even in a highly mobile and dense urban population with significant immunity. The study is published in May 28 edition of the journal PNAS.
Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that infects nearly 50 million people worldwide each year, resulting in more than 19,000 deaths. There are four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1) circulating in Bangkok, Thailand, where the study was conducted. Infection with dengue provides lifelong immunity to the infecting serotype and there is evidence infection temporarily protects from infection by other serotypes. When susceptibility to other serotypes returns there is an increased risk for severe disease. For the study, the research team used the household location of 1,912 confirmed dengue cases in Bangkok that were admitted to a local children's hospital between 1995 and 2000. The available data enabled the researchers to pair dengue serotype infections with specific households.
Observations indicated that immunological memory of dengue serotypes occurs at the neighborhood level in this large urban setting. The researchers developed methods that have broad application to studying the spatiotemporal structure of disease risk where pathogen serotype or genetic information is known.
"We observe patterns of spatiotemporal dependence consistent with the expected impacts of lifelong and short-term immunity, and immune enhancement of disease at distances of under one kilometer," said Henrik Salje, lead author of the study and doctoral candidate in the Bloomberg School's Department of Epidemiology.
"By providing insight into the potential spatial scales that immunity in a population is correlated and distances over which the disease is dispersed, these findings can help us further understand how dengue is being maintained in endemic populations," said the study's senior author, Derek Cummings, PhD, assistant professor with the Bloomberg School's departments of Epidemiology and International Health.
###
The authors of "Revealing the microscale spatial signature of dengue transmission and immunity in an urban population" are Henrik Salje, Justin Lessler, Timothy P. Endy, Frank Curriero, Robert V. Gibbons, Ananda Nisalak, Suchitira Nimmannitya, Siripen Kalayanarooj, Richard G. Jarman, Stephen J. Thomas, Donald S. Burke and Derek A. T. Cummings.
The research was funded by grants from the Gates Foundation Vaccine Modeling Initiative, the National Institutes of Health, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award, and the Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics initiative of the NIH and Department of Homeland Security.
Follow the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/JohnsHopkinsSPH and Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/JohnsHopkinsSPH.
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 28-May-2012 Share ] Contact: Tim Parsons
tmparson@jhsph.edu
410-955-7619
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health have found evidence of a role for neighborhood immunity in determining risk of dengue infection. While it is established that immunity can be an important factor in the large-scale distribution of disease, this study demonstrates that local variation at spatial scales of just a few hundred meters can significantly alter the risk of infection, even in a highly mobile and dense urban population with significant immunity. The study is published in May 28 edition of the journal PNAS.
Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that infects nearly 50 million people worldwide each year, resulting in more than 19,000 deaths. There are four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1) circulating in Bangkok, Thailand, where the study was conducted. Infection with dengue provides lifelong immunity to the infecting serotype and there is evidence infection temporarily protects from infection by other serotypes. When susceptibility to other serotypes returns there is an increased risk for severe disease. For the study, the research team used the household location of 1,912 confirmed dengue cases in Bangkok that were admitted to a local children's hospital between 1995 and 2000. The available data enabled the researchers to pair dengue serotype infections with specific households.
Observations indicated that immunological memory of dengue serotypes occurs at the neighborhood level in this large urban setting. The researchers developed methods that have broad application to studying the spatiotemporal structure of disease risk where pathogen serotype or genetic information is known.
"We observe patterns of spatiotemporal dependence consistent with the expected impacts of lifelong and short-term immunity, and immune enhancement of disease at distances of under one kilometer," said Henrik Salje, lead author of the study and doctoral candidate in the Bloomberg School's Department of Epidemiology.
"By providing insight into the potential spatial scales that immunity in a population is correlated and distances over which the disease is dispersed, these findings can help us further understand how dengue is being maintained in endemic populations," said the study's senior author, Derek Cummings, PhD, assistant professor with the Bloomberg School's departments of Epidemiology and International Health.
###
The authors of "Revealing the microscale spatial signature of dengue transmission and immunity in an urban population" are Henrik Salje, Justin Lessler, Timothy P. Endy, Frank Curriero, Robert V. Gibbons, Ananda Nisalak, Suchitira Nimmannitya, Siripen Kalayanarooj, Richard G. Jarman, Stephen J. Thomas, Donald S. Burke and Derek A. T. Cummings.
The research was funded by grants from the Gates Foundation Vaccine Modeling Initiative, the National Institutes of Health, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award, and the Research and Policy for Infectious Disease Dynamics initiative of the NIH and Department of Homeland Security.
Follow the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/JohnsHopkinsSPH and Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/JohnsHopkinsSPH.
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
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In 1981 physicist Nick Herbert leveraged strange features of quantum mechanics to design a superluminal communication system. The quest to uncover its subtle flaw led to a profound new understanding of the quantum world
?| May 29, 2012?|
Herbert's FLASH system?the acronym stood for "first laser-amplified superluminal hookup"?employed a source that emitted pairs of photons in opposite directions. The scheme focused on photons' polarization?that is, the directions along which their associated electric fields oscillated. The photons could be plane-polarized, with the electric fields oscillating either horizontally (H) or vertically (V). Or the photons could be circularly polarized, with the electric fields tracing out helical patterns in either a right-handed (R) or left-handed (L) orientation.
Physicists had long known that the two flavors of polarization?plane or circular?were intimately related. Plane-polarized light could be used to create circularly polarized light, and vice versa. For example, a beam of H-polarized light consisted of equal parts R- and L-polarized light, in a particular combination, just as a beam of R-polarized light could be broken down into equal parts H and V. Likewise for individual photons: a photon in state R, for example, could be represented as a special combination of states H and V. If one prepared a photon in state R but chose to measure plane rather than circular polarization, one would have an equal probability of finding H or V: a single-particle version of Schr?dinger?s cat.
In Herbert's imagined set-up, one physicist, Alice ("Detector A" in the illustration), could choose to measure either plane or circular polarization of the photon headed her way [1]. If she chose to measure plane polarization, she would measure H and V outcomes with equal probability. If she chose to measure circular polarization, she would find R and L outcomes with equal probability.
In addition, Alice knows that because of the nature of the source of photons, each photon she measures has an entangled twin moving toward her partner, Bob. Quantum entanglement means that the two photons behave like two sides of a coin: if one is measured to be in state R, then the other must be in state L; or if one is measured in state H, the other must be in state V. The kicker, according to Bell's theorem, is that Alice's choice of which type of polarization to measure (plane or circular) should instantly affect the other photon, streaming toward Bob [2]. If she chose to measure plane polarization and happened to get the result H, then the entangled photon heading toward Bob would enter the state V instantaneously. If she had chosen instead to measure circular polarization and found the result R, then the entangled photon instantly would have entered the state L.
Next came Herbert's special twist. Before the second photon made its way to Bob's detectors, it entered a laser gain tube [3]. Lasers had been around for 20 years by that time, and as the leading textbooks routinely touted, the output from a laser had the same polarization as the input signal. That suggested that the laser should release a burst of photons in the complementary state to whatever Alice had found at her side. Bob could then split the beam [4], sending half toward a detector to measure plane polarization [5] and half toward a detector to measure circular polarization [6].
If Alice chose to measure circular polarization and happened to find L, then the entangled photon heading toward Bob would instantly go into the state R prior to entering the laser gain tube. Out of the laser would burst a stream of R photons heading toward Bob. He could then send half the beam toward a detector to measure plane polarization and half toward a detector to measure circular polarization. In this case, Herbert concluded, Bob would find half the photons in state R, none in state L, and a quarter each in states H and V. In an instant, Bob would know that Alice had chosen to measure circular polarization. Alice's choice?plane or circular polarization?would function like the dots and dashes of Morse code. She could signal Bob simply by alternating her choice of what type of polarization to measure. Bob could decode each bit of Alice?s code faster than light could have traveled between them.
As GianCarlo Ghirardi, Tullio Weber, Wojciech Zurek, Bill Wootters and Dennis Dieks each clarified, Herbert?s device would not actually allow superluminal signaling. A photon in state R, for example, would exist as a combination of equal parts H and V. Each of those underlying states would be amplified by the laser. Hence the output would be a superposition of two states: one in which all the photons were in state H, and the other in which all the photons were in state V, each with a probability of 50 percent. Bob would never find half in H and half in V at the same time, just as physicists would never find Schr?dinger's cat to be both half-dead and half-alive upon opening the box. Thus, Bob would receive only noise no matter what setting Alice had chosen on her end. Moment by moment, Bob's detectors would flash H with R or V with L or H with L and so on, in random combinations. He would never find H and V with R, and hence he would have no way to determine what Alice had been trying to tell him. Quantum entanglement and relativity could coexist after all.
This discovery became known as the "no-cloning theorem": a powerful statement about the ultimate foundations of quantum theory. An arbitrary or unknown quantum state cannot be copied without disturbing the original state. No one had ever recognized that fundamental feature of quantum theory before the cat-and-mouse game had unfolded between Nick Herbert's thought experiment and his talented detractors. The fact that quantum theory sets an ultimate limit on the ability of anyone?including a potential eavesdropper?to seize individual quantum particles and make copies of them soon became the bedrock for quantum encryption, and today is at the heart of the flourishing field of quantum information science.
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It is mocking that many of us would never regard of having life-altering operation achieved on ourselves or the youngster without initial knowing what the blood tests, x-rays and lab results uncover and what the medicine recommends formed on this evidence. We would never erect a world-class review without initial having an granted set of architectural drawings ready by an architect.
Yet many of us outlay more time planning the eighth month than you do the own business and financial security. Some even settle corporations or paltry partnerships or trusts with small or no considered since to because or how they fit with the rest of the retirement, estate, taxation or financial life.
START WITH YOUR ? CORE VALUES ? .
Many planners purchase in to the widely-held parable that business estate, retirement or financial planning is usually about transferring ?the money? rsther than than the high quality of life and the core values together with the assets. Instead of starting with what the customers wish their young kids and grandchildren to mount for and accomplish, many concentration instead on luck initial and family second.
As a result, estate planning, retirement and financial planning turn focused on certitude documents, notarized signatures, coverage amounts and appropriation strategies rsther than than how these utilitarian collection exercise the prophesy and goals of the parents. Our young kids get the values just as certainly as they get whatever you have gathered financially. Their stewardship and the financial choices are similarly as important.
DADDY ? WHERE DO ?CORE VALUES? COME FROM?
I?m frequently astounded just how far people will go in their financial life without a roadmap. They will frequently ?put the barrow before the horse?. They settle insurance coverage, business entities, partnerships, assorted kinds of certitude structures, taxation planning and retirement skeleton without a clear, courteous and well-defined matter of precisely because they are carrying out it in the initial place, what personal core values such choices simulate and how they wish their heirs to request the properties being acquired. It?s similar to office building a oppulance review without an architectural outline or having leading operation with no x-rays being completed before-hand.
STEP ONE : HAVE A WRITTEN PLAN THAT MAKES SENSE.
o Start by assessing not usually what you have right away in the way of assets, but what your future skeleton are and the dreams and goals that you wish to matter in the lives of your young kids and grandchildren. The finish outcome can develop in to a personal ?Values and Vision Statement?. It should simulate what you and your young kids as adults will wish to be well known to have stood for.
o Next, accumulate your critical papers. These add a net value statement, insurance policies, retirement accounts, estate planning documents, taxation earnings and a list of any business or investment land you currently or outline to have together with your income and responsibility statement.
o Most important, have an ?integrated? Strategic Solutions Plan? created by someone that knows what they?re doing. If you are using a business consultant, CPA or financial advisor, their skill may be really willing to help in implementing the outline once it has been developed. To be integrated, it should add tax, estate, mortgage, insurance, retirement and business planning. It should be formed on the data you provide. That way, the planner can investigate your planning ?as is? to be able to develop a step-by-step action outline that ?make sense? and is easy to understand, follow and implement.
o Finally, once the Strategic Solutions Plan is completed, read it delicately and ponder any of the recommendations. Look at the taxation extra savings that may be possible. Consider how you can upgrade your legal case insurance by implementing established combinations of legal entities.
Ensure that the privacy component will complement your insurance against identity theft and fraud. See what estate planning improvements make clarity along with your financial and retirement planning. This will prevent the complaint of putting the barrow before the horse, and will help keep you on follow as you pierce forward.
STEP TWO : PUTTING YOUR PLAN ?IN MOTION?.
The final step is as critical as the first. It?s the Implementation Phase. It is the follow-through that really counts, and in the Implementation Phase, your planning ?comes home?. By having your roadmap in front of you and your advisors ready to assist, you can move forward with confidence, knowing that you have established priorities, goals and have a context in that to pierce forward.
Your implementation of vital solutions may be a source of great satisfaction. Whether you select to highlight the multiple-generation estate planning, business entity formation, taxation efficiency, chance administration and retirement planning or concentration on formulating a tax-free inheritance, having a outline that creates clarity and a that you?re cozy with gives you a roadmap with that your advisors can map out a improved march for a more secure and cozy future.
Having written thousands of Strategic Plans for others over the years, I?ve schooled from long experience that the more definite the Plan, and the improved ?tied-in? it is to your priorities and values, the more expected it is that you will obviously exercise the Recommendations.
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10:48 a.m. EST, January 30, 2012
Reports that shale gas may not be as plentiful as people thought are getting lots of attention. Last week the Energy Information Agency sharply cut its estimate of shale gas -- from 827 trillion?cubic feet to 482 trillion cubic feet, reports the New York Times. Estimates for the Marcellus Shale in Appalachia cut cut from 410 trillion cubic feet to 141 trillion.
But this is like telling a Powerball winner: Oops, you only won $50 million when we told you it was $100 million.?Even 482 trillion cubic feet of accessible shale gas is a huge increase over what was thought available in the nation?five years ago and will have profound effects on the energy economy. 482 trillion feet is a 20-year supply for the nation, and many analysts believe it's far too conservative of an estimate.
And whatever shale gas is available in the Marcellus or the United States, shale gas is an international phenomenon. They're drilling?for it all over the world, and with more robust liquified natural gas infrastructure it's going to be increasingly portable. ?
?
?
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ScienceDaily (May 27, 2012) ? UCLA geneticists have identified the mutation responsible for IMAGe syndrome, a rare disorder that stunts infants' growth. The twist? The mutation occurs on the same gene that causes Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, which makes cells grow too fast, leading to very large children.
Published in the May 27 edition of Nature Genetics, the UCLA findings could lead to new ways of blocking the rapid cell division that allows tumors to grow unchecked. The discovery also offers a new tool for diagnosing children with IMAGe syndrome, which until now has been difficult to accurately identify.
The discovery holds special significance for principal investigator Dr. Eric Vilain, a professor of human genetics, pediatrics and urology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
Nearly 20 years ago, as a medical resident in his native France, Vilain cared for two boys, ages 3 and 6, who were dramatically short for their ages. Though unrelated, both children shared a mysterious malady marked by minimal fetal development, stunted bone growth, sluggish adrenal glands, and undersized organs and genitals.
"I never found a reason to explain these patients' unusual set of symptoms," explained Vilain, who is also director of the UCLA Institute for Society and Genetics. "I've been searching for the cause of their disease since 1993."
When Vilain joined UCLA as a genetics fellow, the two cases continued to intrigue him. His mentor, then UCLA geneticist Dr. Edward McCabe, recalled a similar case from his previous post at Baylor College of Medicine. The two of them obtained blood samples from the three cases and analyzed the patients' DNA for mutations in suspect genes, but uncovered nothing.
Vilain and McCabe approached the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, and in 1999 published the first description of the syndrome, which they dubbed IMAGe, an acronym of sorts for the condition's symptoms: intrauterine growth restriction, metaphyseal dysplasia, adrenal hypoplasia and genital anomalies.
Over the next decade, about 20 cases were reported around the world. But the cause of IMAGe syndrome remained a mystery.
Help arrived unexpectedly last year when Vilain received an email from Argentinian physician Dr. Ignacio Bergada, who had unearthed the 1999 journal article. He told Vilain about a large family he was treating in which eight members suffered the same symptoms described in the study. All of the family members agreed to send their DNA samples to UCLA for study.
Vilain realized that he had stumbled across the scientific equivalent of winning the lottery. He assembled a team of UCLA researchers to partner with Bergada and London endocrinologist Dr. John Achermann.
"At last we had enough samples to help us zero in on the gene responsible for the syndrome," Vilain said. "Sequencing technology had also advanced in sophistication over the past two decades, allowing us to quickly analyze the entire family's DNA samples."
Vilain's team performed a linkage study, which identifies disease-related genetic markers passed down from one generation to another. The results steered Vilain to a huge swath of Chromosome 11.
The UCLA Center for Clinical Genomics performed next-generation sequencing, a powerful new technique that enabled the scientists to scour the enormous area in just two weeks and tease out a slender stretch that held the culprit mutation. The team also uncovered the same mutation in the original three cases described by Vilain in 1999.
A word of explanation: Located on 23 pairs of chromosomes, human genes hold the codes for making cellular proteins, the building blocks for our bodies. Most of the human diseases resulting from mutations in a single gene can be blamed on changes in a protein-coding sequence. By scanning the entire exome, or protein-coding factory of the genome, clinical geneticists can interpret every gene variant to track down the mutations that produce a patient's disease and rapidly reach a clear-cut diagnosis.
"We discovered a mutation in a tiny sliver of the chromosome that appeared in every family member affected by IMAGe syndrome," said Vilain. "This was a big step forward. Now we can use gene sequencing as a tool to screen for the disease and diagnose children early enough for them to benefit from medical intervention.
"We were a little surprised, because the mutation was located on a famous gene recognized for causing Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome," he added. "The two diseases are polar opposites of each other."
Children born with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome -- named for the two doctors who discovered it -- grow very large with big adrenal glands, elongated bones and oversized internal organs. Because their cells grow so fast, children with the disorder typically die of cancer at a young age. The disease affects one in 15,000 births.
"Finding opposite functions in the same gene is a rare biological phenomenon" emphasized Vilain. "When the mutation appeared in the slim section we identified, the infant developed IMAGe syndrome. If the mutation fell anywhere else in the gene, the child was born with Beckwith-Wiedemann. That's really quite remarkable."
IMAGe syndrome patients also tend to die young due to poor adrenal activity, which physicians treat with hormone-replacement therapy.
The findings proved that Vilain and his colleagues had identified the correct mutation, bringing his 20-year odyssey to a successful end.
"Our findings leave no doubt that this set of symptoms is a true syndrome and not just a figment of my imagination," said Vilain.
"What makes this special for me is finally being able to unravel what caused the life-threatening disease in the two patients I saw nearly 20 years ago," he added. "As a clinical scientist, the reward for successful research is uncovering new clues that allow us to help patients feel better by improving their medical care."
The IMAGe mutation's ability to miniaturize organisms and halt growth could offer intriguing clinical benefits, he noted.
"Our next effort will focus on manipulating the mutation's strong influence on growth to shrink tumors in the adrenal glands and other internal organs," explained Vilain.
Vilain's coauthors included first author Valerie Arboleda, Hane Lee, Alice Fleming, Abhik Banerjee, Emmanuele Delot, Imilce Rodriguez-Fernandez, Esteban Dell'Angelica, Stanley Nelson and Julian Martinez-Agosto, all of UCLA; Bruno Ferraz-de-Souza of University of San Paulo in Brazil; Bergada of Hospital de Ninos Ricardo Gutierrez, Argentina; and Achermann of University College London Institute of Child Health.
The study was funded by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, Wellcome Trust and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (grants RO1HD068 and 1F31HD068136).
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Health Sciences, via Newswise. The original article was written by Elaine Schmidt.
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Wednesday, May 23, 2012
SAMAL, Bataan -- ?She has become the inspiration for us to move on ? the spirit that has strengthened unity among the people of Samal as we move on and in getting where we ought to be. She is the pride of not only this town but the whole country as well.?
So shared Samal Mayor Generosa M. Dela Fuente of 16-year-old American Idol wonder Jessica Sanchez, as the Filipina-Mexican-American will get on the stage today in the finals with Phillip Phillips in a historic moment in the competition?s history.
Have something to report? Tell us in text, photos or videos.
Sanchez has roots in this rising town, where her mother Editha grew up in the ancestral house in Barangay San Juan. The village is home to her kin from the Bugay clan.
?Kakaiba talaga siya. She is something else in that siya ang tulay ng tunay na pagkakaisa. Her rise to the top is timely and phenomenal and has become a symbol of hope for all, especially Samale?os,? Dela Fuente told Sun.Star Pampanga.
As part of the whole-day jubilation in this town -- win or lose ? Dela Fuente said the Municipal Government and the church will celebrate an early morning Holy Mass, have raffles and prizes for Samale?os, street dancing, shows with local and national talents and a grand motorcade.
?As part of our tribute to Jessica, hopefully when she finds time for a homecoming here, the Municipal Council will pass a resolution of support and recognition. Also, I have requested the Bataan Mayor?s League to generate more support for her. Already, streamers and banners about her are all over Samal and Bataan. This early, we are congratulating Jessica already for making it to the finals of American Idol. We are truly proud of her,? concluded Dela Fuente.
Published in the Sun.Star Pampanga newspaper on May 23, 2012.
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